Pouligny St Pierre Cheese Making Recipe
Ingredients
- 2 Gallons of Fresh Unpasteurized Goat Milk
- 1/16 tsp MA011 Culture
- 1/32 tsp C70 Geotrichum Candidum
- 4 Drops Single Strength Liquid Rennet
- Salt
Equipment
- Good Thermometers
- Ladle
- 6 Small Pyramid Cheese Molds
- Draining Mat
- Instructions
- Pouligny St Pierre Info
- Reviews
- Q & A
The Essentials of Making Pouligny St Pierre
- Pouligny St Pierre is essentially a lactic cheese, meaning the curd forms primarily from lactose conversion and acid production. This cheese needs a long coagulation of 10-12 hours before being ladled to forms where it will drain for 10-12.
- Once the curd forms it doesn't need to be cut much, instead the curds are simply ladled into forms. Try to break the curd as little as possible when transfering them into forms.
- Frms in the shape of inverted pyramids with flat tops are used. This is possiabably because slanted sides encourage more draining than straight sides, since gravity helps to release the whey and directing it out of the form rather than down through the curds can be faster.
- Once removed from the forms, the cheese is inverted onto their wider bases. Natural yeast and added Geotrichum mold will begin to form on the surface. Traditionally a Penicillium mold (P.album) that turned blue grey when developed naturally found its way onto this cheese. Today this mold has been isolated and can be added to the milk and/or sprayed on the surface.
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Heat & Acidify Milk
Begin by heating the milk to 72F. Since I am not cutting and stirring much or heating the curds before molding I keep things simple. I do this by placing the milk (still in its travel container since it has a very wide opening for ladling) in a large pot of very warm water. The milk comes in at 36F and my water is 120F, so that in less than an hour I am ready to go with the milk at the perfect temp.
Once the milk is at 72F the culture can be added. To prevent the powder from caking and sinking in clumps sprinkle the powder over the surface of the milk and then allow about 2 minutes for the powder to re-hydrate before stirring it in. Let this rest quiet for about 1 hour while the culture begins to work.
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Coagulate with Rennet
Now add about 4 drops of single strength liquid rennet. Remember this is a lactic cheese so very little rennet.
The milk now needs to sit quiet for 2-3 hours while the culture works and the rennet coagulates the curd. At this point you will find that the milk has begun to thicken (the initial flocculation). Continue to allow the milk to sit quiet for an additional 8-9 hours for a total of 9-11 hours from adding the rennet.
The curd is ready when it has shrunk away from the edges and perhaps cracked in places with about 1/2 or more of whey on the surface. The curd should taste quite tangy at this point.
During this long wait make sure you prepare your molds and transfer area by sanitizing everything.
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Form Curds
When the curd is ready, there is actually no cutting, instead the curd is removed with a ladle and carefully placed into the molds to avoid breaking it. Fill the mold to the top and wait for settling before topping up, you may need to do this in a few cycles.
The filled molds should be allowed to drain for the next 10-12 hours (overnight) at a moderate room temperature (72F). The next morning should find that they have settled in the molds by about 25-30%.
Once the whey drainage has essentially stopped, they can be removed from their molds and inverted onto their broader bases for salting and drying.
Now having mentioned the shrinkage above, I had always wondered how they got the full mold height for the cheese in France at the end of draining until I visited a small operation in the area of production several years ago (see below for more on this).
I find this hard to do here so I am happy to make these to a bit smaller height format.
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Salting
Once the whey stops dripping the cheese can be salted. At this point I measure the weight of the fresh cheese at about 3.2-3.5lbs from the 2 gallons of milk. I always salt by weight and use about 2% by weight of cheese as it comes from the mold. For this cheese it came to a bit over 1 ounce. I place the 1 oz. of salt in a shaker and evenly distributed this over the fresh forms. Allow these to rest while the salt dissolves and is absorbed into the cheese.
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Aging
After the molds have been removed and the cheese salted, it is given 2-4 days of initial drying at a cool cave like temp of 52-56F but a drier 65-70% moisture.
You should then age it for about 14 days (same cave temp but increase moisture to 85%). At this point you should see a dry surface with a light white cover and perhaps some spots of blue may begin to develop.
Notice the typical reticulation developing on the surface. This is a typical effect of the geotrichum growth and some drying of the surface and is found to varying degrees on this style of cheese.
You can now move it to a refrigerator at 38-42F and wrap it at this point as well. After another 1-3 weeks the cheese will mature more and will be ready for the table.
I decided to wrap some of these and leave others unwrapped to see if it made a difference. I find the wrapped cheese developed a more homogeneous white surface based on geotrichum while the unwrapped cheese developed a colorful mantle with some blue (most likely a form of P.glaucum) that occurred naturally. They were both delicious.
Note the difference between the natural rustic looking cheese and the wrapped snow white cheese in the photos above.
Pouligny St Pierre, Cheese Pyramids
Let's talk aobut the Pyramids of France, no not the one at the Louvre. We are talking about fantastic goat cheese pyramids.
The heart of France, below Paris and south of the Loire river, is known for its goat cheese and is our focus in this recipe.
The cheese is called Pouligny St Pierre and it's a goat cheese in the shape of a pyramid missing it's top. It's also a very historic cheese in it's region. The production remains very traditional even though it has called upon a bit of modern dairy science to assure the highest quality through production.
Pouligny St Pierre Cheese is Fun to Make
This is a cheese for those that have ironed out a few of the cheese making bumps. There is a lot of detail here, and I do suggest reading through it all to get a feel for what the cheese can be and how it develops. I would encourage even the startup cheese maker to continue reading because this is an exciting cheese, very traditional, very old, and one of the first AOC designations in France.
For those willing to take this one on, with a trial or so you may find that you are earning your 'Local Hero' award at your next social gathering or market presentation.
Learn About Pouligny St Pierre Cheese
The Pouligny St Pierre is an unpasteurized, natural-rind cheese made from goats milk. It has an elongated pyramid shape, with a soft, wrinkled, ivory-colored, natural rind. As the rind dries out in aging, the wrinkles deepen, and gray, white and blue moulds gather. The cheese takes its name from a local village. The rind is soft and ivory-colored when the cheese is young. As it ages and dries, the rind becomes reddish-orange, providing a magnificent contrast to the firm, pure white, and slightly brittle interior.
The traditional French version has very thin rind. It does not have these same mold growth as brie/camembert but a light coat of Geotrichum with some spotting of Penicillium (traditionally P.album) and in later weeks it may develop random blue spotting. The rind should not be snow white and no paste transformation under the rind like Brie/Camembert. They should become dry, brittle and flaky. The final cheese becomes very dense in texture and flavor.
The Pouligny St Pierre is said to have started out looking more like real pyramids at one time but now they all seem to have a little bit missing off their tops.
The story of the missing top is that Napoleon saw to this minor redesign following his less than successful campaign in Egypt. Following a dinner with Tallyrand and the presentation of the cheese, it was said to be too much of a painful reminder of his Egypt failure, and out comes his sword and off goes their heads. I am sure a goodly amount of wine preceded the show though. The cheese remains this way today.
However, as much as I love a good story, the practical side of me says that no one was going to try to balance the cheese forms on that little point for draining in the first place.
I know I will probably get questions about the pyramid form but the best I can find is that folks say it represents the top of the church roof in the village of the same name. Others of a more practical nature say that it is just a good shape for draining well in the molds. So just pick one because I really do not know.
The History of Pouligny St Pierre Cheese
The Loire river marked the northern extent of the Saracen advance as they moved through Spain and into France during the 8th century, where they reached the southern banks of the Loire River. One of the great contributions from the Saracens was the introduction of their goats to the region and their methods of making cheese that came with them. Goats, rather than sheep, were the most sensible choice for these travelers because of the range of pasture they could adapt to and the ease with which they could be moved.
Most of the invaders were later repelled, but some remained with their goat herds, ultimately providing the foundation for their famous goat cheeses or chèvres, which means “goats” in French. This influence remains strong to this day.
Today, this region is one of the worlds great producers of goat cheese. Of the 48 AOC cheeses in France, 6 are goat cheese from this region, south of the Loire (the first 2 on the list are modified pyramids):
- Pouligny St. Pierre (AOC 1972)
- Valençay cheese (AOC 1998)
- Crottin de Chavignol (AOC 1976)
- Chabichou du Poutou (AOC 1990)
- Selles-sur-Cher (AOC 1975)
- Sainte-Maure de Touraine (AOC 1990)
Different Styles of Pouligny St Pierre Cheese
The final cheese can vary considerably in presentation. The biggest reasons for this are:
- The balance of proteins and fat in the milk. The fat is the flavor component and the protein provides the structure and texture of the final cheese. Too much fat makes for a difficult draining and high moisture.
- Final moisture after draining and drying. This will be affected by the solids and conditions as the curds are moved to the mold, as well as in the salting and drying stages before moving to the aging room. The higher moisture cheeses have a very pronounced wrinkled surface from the geotrichum growth and shrinkage.
- Time and conditions of aging. There is a wide time frame in which these are presented for sale. The fresher ones may be only a week to ten days old and snow white in appearance with a creamy paste. The older ones (5-8 weeks or longer) tend to dry out and the surface dries to a darker condition. These develop much more character and can be quite brittle when cut.
- The natural molds or those added by the maker. The traditional molds that developed on these cheeses were all regional dairy molds. Always dominated by varying Geotrichum strains, but also may have a Penicilium strain P.album, different from the other strains in that it will turn a blue/grey surface as it develops and not the traditional snow white of the modern P.candidum strains. This is considered to have been the original mold developed on brie and Camembert but now replaced in favor of the snow white mold cover.
The photo above shows a very moist cheese with the wrinkles/ridges typical of geotrichum at high moisture. Note the amount of breakdown in the paste just inside the rind when cut.
This photos shows cheese that's quite young and a bit drier than the ones in the first set of photos. Spots of blue are beginning to form on the ones to the left, perhaps they have a bit more moisture in their tops. Remember, they drain top down so the last residual moisture may have remained in the cheese.
This photo shows the development of P.album, a blue grey.
The cheese above is very mature and has dried down well. Without enough moisture on the surface, the molds now begin to die down